- Qt 6.9
- Qt Quick Controls
- Styling Qt Quick Controls
- Material Style
- Qt 6.9.0 Reference Documentation

macOS Style ◦ Universal Style

# Material Style

The Material Style is based on the Google Material Design Guidelines. More...

Import Statement: | import QtQuick.Controls.Material 2.12
Since: | Qt 5.7

## Attached Properties

- accent : color
- background : color
- elevation : int
- foreground : color
- primary : color
- theme : enumeration
- roundedScale : enumeration
- containerStyle : enumeration

## Attached Methods

- color color(enumeration predefined, enumeration shade)

## Detailed Description

The Material style is based on the Google Material Design Guidelines. It allows for a unified experience across platforms and device sizes.

The light theme of the Material style. | The dark theme of the Material style.

To run an application with the Material style, see Using Styles in Qt Quick Controls.

Note: The Material style is not a native Android style. The Material style is a 100% cross-platform Qt Quick Controls style implementation that follows the Google Material Design Guidelines. The style runs on any platform, and looks more or less identical everywhere. Minor differences may occur due to differences in available system fonts and font rendering engines.

Note: As the Material Design Guidelines change over time, this style may change certain padding or font values, for example, in order to maintain consistency with the guidelines.

### Customization

The Material style supports several customizable attributes. Some of these attributes propagate to children in the same manner as fonts:

- theme
- primary
- accent
- foreground
- background

The remaining attributes do not propagate to children:

- elevation
- roundedScale
- containerStyle

In the following example, the window and all three radio buttons appear in the dark theme using a purple accent color:

     import QtQuick
     import QtQuick.Controls
     import QtQuick.Controls.Material

     ApplicationWindow {
         visible: true

         Material.theme: Material.Dark
         Material.accent: Material.Purple

         Column {
             anchors.centerIn: parent

             RadioButton {
                 text: qsTr("Small")
             }
             RadioButton {
                 text: qsTr("Medium")
                 checked: true
             }
             RadioButton {
                 text: qsTr("Large")
             }
         }
     }

In addition to specifying the attributes in QML, it is also possible to specify some of them via environment variables or in a configuration file. Attributes specified in QML take precedence over all other methods.

#### Configuration File

Variable | Description
--- | ---
`Theme` | Specifies the default Material theme. The value can be one of the available themes, for example `"Dark"`.
`Variant` | Specifies the Material variant. The Material Design has two variants: a normal variant designed for touch devices, and a dense variant for desktop. The dense variant uses smaller sizes for controls and their fonts. The value can be `"Normal"` or `"Dense"`.
`Accent` | Specifies the default Material accent color. The value can be any color, but it is recommended to use one of the pre-defined Material colors, for example `"Teal"`.
`Primary` | Specifies the default Material primary color. The value can be any color, but it is recommended to use one of the pre-defined Material colors, for example `"BlueGrey"`.
`Foreground` | Specifies the default Material foreground color. The value can be any color, or one of the pre-defined Material colors, for example `"Brown"`.
`Background` | Specifies the default Material background color. The value can be any color, or one of the pre-defined Material colors, for example `"Grey"`.

See Qt Quick Controls Configuration File for more details about the configuration file.

#### Environment Variables

Variable | Description
--- | ---
`QT_QUICK_CONTROLS_MATERIAL_THEME` | Specifies the default Material theme. The value can be one of the available themes, for example `"Dark"`.
`QT_QUICK_CONTROLS_MATERIAL_VARIANT` | Specifies the Material variant. The Material Design has two variants: a normal variant designed for touch devices, and a dense variant for desktop. The dense variant uses smaller sizes for controls and their fonts. The value can be `"Normal"` or `"Dense"`.
`QT_QUICK_CONTROLS_MATERIAL_ACCENT` | Specifies the default Material accent color. The value can be any color, but it is recommended to use one of the pre-defined Material colors, for example `"Teal"`.
`QT_QUICK_CONTROLS_MATERIAL_PRIMARY` | Specifies the default Material primary color. The value can be any color, but it is recommended to use one of the pre-defined Material colors, for example `"BlueGrey"`.
`QT_QUICK_CONTROLS_MATERIAL_FOREGROUND` | Specifies the default Material foreground color. The value can be any color, or one of the pre-defined Material colors, for example `"Brown"`.
`QT_QUICK_CONTROLS_MATERIAL_BACKGROUND` | Specifies the default Material background color. The value can be any color, or one of the pre-defined Material colors, for example `"Grey"`.

See Supported Environment Variables in Qt Quick Controls for the full list of supported environment variables.

### Dependency

The Material style must be separately imported to gain access to the attributes that are specific to the Material style. It should be noted that regardless of the references to the Material style, the same application code runs with any other style. Material-specific attributes only have an effect when the application is run with the Material style.

If the Material style is imported in a QML file that is always loaded, the Material style must be deployed with the application in order to be able to run the application regardless of which style the application is run with. By using file selectors, style-specific tweaks can be applied without creating a hard dependency to a style.

### Pre-defined Material Colors

Even though primary and accent can be any color, it is recommended to use one of the pre-defined colors that have been designed to work well with the rest of the Material style palette:

Available pre-defined colors:

Constant | Description
--- | ---
`Material.Red` | #F44336
`Material.Pink` | #E91E63 (default accent)
`Material.Purple` | #9C27B0
`Material.DeepPurple` | #673AB7
`Material.Indigo` | #3F51B5 (default primary)
`Material.Blue` | #2196F3
`Material.LightBlue` | #03A9F4
`Material.Cyan` | #00BCD4
`Material.Teal` | #009688
`Material.Green` | #4CAF50
`Material.LightGreen` | #8BC34A
`Material.Lime` | #CDDC39
`Material.Yellow` | #FFEB3B
`Material.Amber` | #FFC107
`Material.Orange` | #FF9800
`Material.DeepOrange` | #FF5722
`Material.Brown` | #795548
`Material.Grey` | #9E9E9E
`Material.BlueGrey` | #607D8B

When the dark theme is in use, different shades of the pre-defined colors are used by default:

Constant | Description
--- | ---
`Material.Red` | #EF9A9A
`Material.Pink` | #F48FB1 (default accent)
`Material.Purple` | #CE93D8
`Material.DeepPurple` | #B39DDB
`Material.Indigo` | #9FA8DA (default primary)
`Material.Blue` | #90CAF9
`Material.LightBlue` | #81D4FA
`Material.Cyan` | #80DEEA
`Material.Teal` | #80CBC4
`Material.Green` | #A5D6A7
`Material.LightGreen` | #C5E1A5
`Material.Lime` | #E6EE9C
`Material.Yellow` | #FFF59D
`Material.Amber` | #FFE082
`Material.Orange` | #FFCC80
`Material.DeepOrange` | #FFAB91
`Material.Brown` | #BCAAA4
`Material.Grey` | #EEEEEE
`Material.BlueGrey` | #B0BEC5

### Pre-defined Shades

There are several different shades of each pre-defined color that can be passed to the Material.color() function:

Constant | Value
--- | ---
`Material.Shade50`
`Material.Shade100`
`Material.Shade200`
`Material.Shade300`
`Material.Shade400`
`Material.Shade500`
`Material.Shade600`
`Material.Shade700`
`Material.Shade800`
`Material.Shade900`
`Material.ShadeA100`
`Material.ShadeA200`
`Material.ShadeA400`
`Material.ShadeA700`

See also Basic Style, Universal Style

### Variants

The Material style also supports a dense variant, where controls like buttons and delegates are smaller in height and use smaller font sizes. It is recommended to use the dense variant on desktop platforms, where a mouse and keyboard allow more precise and flexible user interaction.

To use the dense variant, either set the `QT_QUICK_CONTROLS_MATERIAL_VARIANT` environment variable to `Dense`, or specify `Variant=Dense` in the qtquickcontrols2.conf file. The default value in both cases is `Normal`.

The following images illustrate the differences between some of the controls when using the normal and dense variants:

Note that the heights shown above may vary based on differences in fonts across platforms.

### Control-Specific Notes

#### TextArea

TextArea supports two containerStyles: `Filled` and `Outlined`. Outlined TextAreas have floating placeholder text that sits at the top of the control. This requires the placeholder text to go outside the bounds of the control, which can cause it to be clipped when the TextArea or the Flickable it's a child of sets clip to `true`. To avoid this, topInset is set to an appropriate value in these cases.

As per the Material guidelines, placeholder text should be kept short and not take up multiple lines.

#### TextField

The same issue with clipping explained above for TextArea can also occur with TextField. To avoid this, topInset is set to an appropriate value when the TextField sets clip to `true`.

As per the Material guidelines, placeholder text should be kept short and not take up multiple lines.

## Attached Property Documentation

Material.accent : color

This attached property holds the accent color of the theme. The property can be attached to any window or item. The value is propagated to children.

The default value is `Material.Pink`.

In the following example, the accent color of the highlighted button is changed to `Material.Orange`:

     Button {
         text: qsTr("Button")
         highlighted: true
         Material.accent: Material.Orange
     }

Note: Even though the accent can be any color, it is recommended to use one of the pre-defined Material colors that have been designed to work well with the rest of the Material style palette.

Material.background : color

This attached property holds the background color of the theme. The property can be attached to any window or item. The value is propagated to children.

The default value is theme-specific (light or dark).

In the following example, the background color of the button is changed to `Material.Teal`:

     Button {
         text: qsTr("Button")
         highlighted: true
         Material.background: Material.Teal
     }

Material.elevation : int

This attached property holds the elevation of the control. The higher the elevation, the deeper the shadow. The property can be attached to any control, but not all controls visualize elevation. The value is not propagated to children.

The default value is control-specific.

In the following example, the elevation of the pane is set to `6` in order to achieve the look of an elevated card:

     Pane {
         width: 120
         height: 120

         Material.elevation: 6

         Label {
             text: qsTr("I'm a card!")
             anchors.centerIn: parent
         }
     }

Material.foreground : color

This attached property holds the foreground color of the theme. The property can be attached to any window or item. The value is propagated to children.

The default value is theme-specific (light or dark).

In the following example, the foreground color of the button is set to `Material.Pink`:

     Button {
         text: qsTr("Button")
         Material.foreground: Material.Pink
     }

Material.primary : color

This attached property holds the primary color of the theme. The property can be attached to any window or item. The value is propagated to children.

The primary color is used as the background color of ToolBar by default.

The default value is `Material.Indigo`.

Note: Even though the primary can be any color, it is recommended to use one of the pre-defined Material colors that have been designed to work well with the rest of the Material style palette.

Material.theme : enumeration

This attached property holds whether the theme is light or dark. The property can be attached to any window or item. The value is propagated to children.

Available themes:

Constant | Description
--- | ---
`Material.Light` | Light theme (default)
`Material.Dark` | Dark theme
`Material.System` | System theme

Setting the theme to `System` chooses either the light or dark theme based on the system theme colors. However, when reading the value of the theme property, the value is never `System`, but the actual theme.

In the following example, the theme for both the pane and the button is set to `Material.Dark`:

     Pane {
         Material.theme: Material.Dark

         Button {
             text: qsTr("Button")
         }
     }

Material.roundedScale : enumeration

This attached property holds the radius of rounded corners used on the target control. The property can be attached to any window or item, but only some controls support it. The value is not propagated to children.

The default value is control-specific.

Available scales:

Constant | Description
--- | ---
`Material.NotRounded` | Square corners
`Material.ExtraSmallScale` | Extra small rounded corners
`Material.SmallScale` | Small rounded corners
`Material.MediumScale` | Medium rounded corners
`Material.LargeScale` | Large rounded corners
`Material.ExtraLargeScale` | Extra large rounded corners
`Material.FullScale` | Fully rounded corners

This property was added in Qt 6.5.

See also: Material Style: Shape.

Material.containerStyle : enumeration

This attached property holds the style of the container used by the target control. The property can be attached to any window or item, but only TextField and TextArea support it by default. The value is not propagated to children.

The default value is control-specific.

Available styles:

Constant | Description
--- | ---
`Material.Filled` | Use the filled container variant if available
`Material.Outlined` | Use the outlined container variant if available

This property was added in Qt 6.5.

See also: Material Style: Text Field Containers.

## Attached Method Documentation

color color(enumeration predefined, enumeration shade)

This attached method returns the effective color value of the specified pre-defined Material color combined with the given shade. If omitted, the shade argument defaults to `Material.Shade500`.

     Rectangle {
         color: Material.color(Material.Red)
     }

## Related Information

- Styling Qt Quick Controls

macOS Style ◦ Universal Style